Effective Writing 1
Engelska 5, 6, 7



  • Claim:
    My friends are both kind but in different ways.
  • Claim:
    It's hard being bullied.
  • Claim:
    Lund's new infrastructure contributes to a positive development.
  • Claim:
    Sweden's economy is doing better this year than it did last year.
  • Claim:
    It should be cheaper to take public transport.
  • This paragraph develops the claim above using consequences:
    The new internet connections will bring faster communication for the residents of the city. This in turn is expected to contribute to new business start-ups and thus more jobs in the municipality.
  • This paragraph develops the claim above using different perspectives.
    I can understand that it costs money to operate public transport and that ticket sales are therefore crucial for the municipality. But considering that it is often more complicated to travel by public transport than to drive a car, most people are probably not ready to pay the high ticket prices.
  • This paragraph develops the claim above using example:
    Fatima and her partner, Peter, now both have full-time jobs. They can now afford to go on holiday and to buy nice clothes for the children. Last year, Peter was unemployed and Fatima worked part-time. They now see a bright future.
  • This paragraph develops the claim above using personal experience:
    Every morning my first thought is always - how to handle the day. The infinitely long days of nasty comments about my appearance are starting to affect me negatively. I know what people and places to try to avoid at school? But I also know that the constant avoidance makes me sad in the evenings.
  • This paragraph supports the claim above using comparison.:
    Mohammed always calls and asks how I feel when I am sick while Sara always helps me with homework when there is something I do not understand.



  • In this paragraph, the author evaluates the conclusion he has drawn by giving a different perspective:
  • In this paragraph, the author draws a conclusion:
  • This paragraph develops the claim using facts:
  • The Metropolitan School feels unsafe.
  • The fact that the school must work harder to prevent bullying and the lack of security should be obvious.
  • This paragraph contains the important claim that everything else is about:
  • At the same time, one must remember that it is a big and difficult job.
  • The Swedish Schools Inspectorate, the authority that reviews security in schools, shows in its report (Skolverket, 2009) that the students of the Metropolitan School in particular often feel afraid at school. The report also shows that bullying is common at the school.



  • "The school therefore needs to train students to plan their studies."
  • This paragraph consists of an appropriate ending that links back to the introduction and answers the question - a second time.
  • "I think so." [That is, young people will feel less stressed if they plan their studies.]
  • This paragraph consists of an appropriate introduction as it is a general description of what the text will be about. The introduction also contains a question.
  • This paragraph answers the question and turns it into a claim:
  • "Stress often arises when you feel that you do not have control over your life situation. A large part of young people's lives is spent in school. It is therefore important that they take control of, for example, homework, which is a big part of going to school.
      The article "Higher IQ with extra school years" by Elin Lindman (Sydsvenskan 27.2.2011) describes the connection between stress and not having control over ones life situation. According to the article, 80 percent of all high school students state that they do not know how to plan their homework and that this makes them feel stressed. I belong to these 80 percent."
  • "All Swedish young people have some relationship to school and school work. Some students experience time in school as something positive; an opportunity to learn more about the subjects they study. Others see time spent in school as stressful and full of failures. Can strategies to plan one's studies help this latter group of students?"
  • In this paragraph, the author draws a conclusion:
  • In this paragraph, the author evaluates the conclusion he has drawn by giving a different perspective:
  • "Study Techniques?"
  • This is an appropriate title as it informs the reader what the text is about:
  • "If the school succeeds, after all, in teaching students the importance of planning their studies, perhaps all students may experience the time in school as something positive - not just some."
  • This paragraph develops the claim using facts and personal experience:
  • "However, it is important to remember that learning to plan ones studies takes time and may not always be as motivating for students."

In the article "Garbage divers can live well on our abundance" by Elin Lindman(Sydsvenskan 27.2.2011) there is an interview with a couple of teenagers who think it is wrong to produce things and then throw them away. I agree with them. We produce...

ORANGE = Reference
PINK = Summary of the content of the source
BLUE = My claim about the content of the source
GRAY = Development of my claim. In argumentative- and discussion texts at the basic level (SVE/SVA 1; ENG 5), it is your thoughts and how you connect them to the claim that is important.


  • Variations in solar activity, variations in the Earth's orbit and volcanic activity are some examples of natural causes why the earth's temperature changes.
         The sun's varying activity, for example, affects cloud formation, which in turn affects the temperature and thus the climate. Volcanic eruptions cause large amounts of ash and gas to be thrown into the atmosphere. These can remain for several years and form particles that reflect a larger part of the sunlight, which leads to a cooling of the earth's surface.
         This is important to stress because...
  • Most people probably agree with Pekul that we humans with our actions affect the climate. But it is not just human actions that contribute to climate change.
  • Summary of the content of the source:
  • Fatima Pekul (Expressen, 2018, 15 May) writes in the article "Go by public transport"
  • My claim about the content of the source:
  • My development of my claim:
  • that more people should take the bus instead of driving. The high carbon dioxide emissions change the earth's climate, which creates environmental disasters that "kill" both humans and animal species, she says.
  • Reference

A Better Experience?

A youth magazine draws attention to young people's thoughts on how we can make studying a more pleasent experience They ask for readers to come up with ideas. You decide to give your opinion on the matter.


Write a text about making studying a better experience. Include these three parts:
- INTRODUCE the topic. Describe i general how teenagers experience school today.
- EXPLAIN what can be done to make studying a better experince for teenagers.
- DISCUSS what is the advantage and disadvantage as to what you have explained ?



  • This paragraph develops the claim using consequences and a source reference:
    "Stress often arises when you feel that you do not have control over your life situation. A large part of young people's lives is spent in school. It is therefore important that they take control of, for example, homework, which is a big part of going to school.
     The article "Higher IQ with extra school years" by Elin Lindman (Sydsvenskan 27.2.2011) describes the connection between stress and not having control over one's life situation. According to the article, 80 percent of all high school students state that they do not know how to plan their homework and that this makes them feel stressed. I belong to these 80 percent."
  • This is an appropriate title as it informs the reader what the text is about:
    "A Better Experience?"
  • This paragraph answers the question and turns the answer into a claim:
    "I think so. "[That is, young people will be less stressed if they plan their studies.]
  • In this paragraph, the author draws a conclusion
    "The school therefore needs to train students to plan their studies."
  • In this paragraph, the author evaluates the conclusion he has drawn by giving a different perspective:
    "However, it is important to remember that learning to plan your studies takes time and may not always be as motivating for students."
  • This paragraph consists of an appropriate ending that links back to the introduction and answers the question - a second time.
    "If the school succeeds, after all, in teaching students the importance of planning their studies, perhaps all students may experience the time spent in school as something positive - not just some."
  • This paragraph consists of an appropriate introduction as it is a general description of what the text will be about. The introduction also contains a question.
    "All Swedish teenagers have some relationship to school and school work. Some students experience time in school as something positive; an opportunity to learn more about the subjects they study. Others experience the time in school as stressful and full of failures. Can strategies to plan one's studies help this latter group of students?"

ENG 5 Safe Environments

There are several ways to stay safe both in real life and online. The texts you have just read give some examples of what you can do. The Young Life website invites you to write about safe environments.

Write a text on safe environments - both in general and on a personal level. Use some of the following points when planning and writing your text:

>EXPLAIN - GIVE EXAMPLES -DISCUSS - STATE YOUR OPINION

- Describe the feeling of security in Sweden today
- What can we do to create safer environments?

Title: Safe environments


  • This paragraph answers the question and turns the answer into a claim:
    "I think you have to start by teaching young people what sexual crime is."
  • This paragraph answers the question and turns the answer into a another claim:
    "To increase security in public environments, housing segregation should also be reduced."
  • This paragraph consists of an appropriate introduction as it serves the reader with background information. The introduction also contains a counter argument and a question.
    "Sweden is often described as a safe country where no one needs to feel afraid. [⇦ counter argument] In recent years, however, parts of Sweden seem to have become increasingly less secure. Some parks, schools and other public environments have become platforms for verbal and physical abuse. Safety measurements also show that young women rarely go out alone in the evenings.[question ⇨] The question then is what can we do to make these public environments feel safe for everyone again?"
  • This paragraph consists of an appropriate ending that repeats the two claims and answers the question - a second time.
    "So, with increased knowledge and reduced segregation, I am convinced that both parks and schools can once again be safe."
  • This is an appropriate title as it informs the reader what the text is about:
    "Safe and secure environments?"
  • This paragraph develops the argument using personal experience:
    "I remember Zeinab when I was growing up. After several violent crimes in our area, she contacted the municipal politicians and made sure that the they set up surveillance cameras. My mother later told me that Zeinab wrote articles in Sydsvenskan to draw attention to the violent crimes. And that it was only after these articles that the surveillance cameras came up. Zeinab was 'good at English', my mother told me."
  • This paragraph develops the argument using facts:
    "The article 'Uppsala is safer today' by Elin Lindman (Nya Tidningen 27.2.2020) describes how Uppsala municipality in 2018 chose to invest in an information campaign about sexual harassment. In connection with the campaign, the number of reports of sexual harassment increased sharply to decrease again in 2019. In a survey in 2020, however, residents state that Uppsala feels safer today than before.
  • This paragraph contains the argument for one of my two claims:
    "If people with different backgrounds and incomes live in the same district, some will always master the Swedish language. They can then present the needs that exist in the district in an effective may."
  • This paragraph contains the argument for one of my two claims::
    "If victims of crime know what is criminal, they will be more likely to report it. In the long run, more reports lead to safer environments."

ENG 5 Compulsory military service?

There are different views whther on not we shold have compulsory military service in Sweden

Write a text on compulsory military service - both in general and on a personal level. Use some of the following points when planning and writing your text:

>EXPLAIN - GIVE EXAMPLES -DISCUSS - STATE YOUR OPINION

- Describe what compulsory military service is
- And, should we introduce it in Sweden?



  • This paragraph consists of an appropriate conclusion as it repeats the three arguments and answers the question once again:
    So, since conscription entails popular support, keeping Sweden together and that it is actually something we Swedes want, it should be introduced again.
  • This paragraph answers the question and turns the answer into a claim:
    I am convinced of that [That is, volunteering should once again be replaced by duty] For three reasons.
  • This paragraph develops the argument using examples:
    A professional defense risks becoming an elite project for those interested in the military. In addition, an army "of the people" is less likely to be used against its own population. If ordinary people do the dirty work, the popular support for the repository will be strengthened. "A country's security policy and defense must never be something that 'they' do. It is all 'we' that make up the country ", writes for example the defense blog Wiseman's Wisdom (Wiseman´s Wisdom 2014-01-14) Maybe it is enough to look at the USA where there are often different perceptions between the population and the military about which military missions are important. The United States has no conscription.
  • This paragraph contains an argument for the claim.
    Thirdly, Swedes want conscription
  • This is an appropriate title as it informs the reader what the text is about:
    Introduce compulsory military service!
  • This paragraph contains an argument for the claim.
    Secondly, conscription helps to keep Sweden together.
  • This paragraph contains the argument for the claim:
    Firstly, the duty entails a popular anchoring of the defense
  • This paragraph develops the argument using examples
    The old military service created a "we" that was stronger than differences in both class and background, argues Aftonbladet's lead writer Anders Lindberg in the article "Let conscription contribute to good integration?" (Aftonbladet 2015-11-09). It's hard not to agree with Lindberg. In uniform, everyone is equal. When everyone (men) was forced to do the dirty work, people with different backgrounds were mixed. It is obviously good for equality and integration.
  • This paragraph develops the argument using facts:
    Someone has said that laws should be enacted only if they have broad popular support. This applies to conscription. In an opinion poll conducted by Aftonbladet / Inizio (Aftonbladet 2016-01-10), as many as 68 percent believe that Sweden should introduce conscription again. Only 16 percent are against. This is perhaps the most important argument because we live in a democracy.
  • This paragraph consists of an appropriate introduction as it serves the reader with background information. The introduction also contains a counter argument and a question.
    [background info ⇨]Conscription today means that all 18-year-old men and women receive a basic military education of up to 15 months. Conscription also includes refresher training, emergency service and military service. The word "duty" is probably considered by most to be something negative. [⇦ counter argument] However, there are several benefits when something is mandatory especially if most people line up for it. From having been compulsory for over a hundred years, conscription has been voluntary since 2010. [question ⇨]Question: should conscription be cumpulsory again?